Intelligence and Successful Prognostic Strategies in Iowa Gambling Task (IGT)
Keywords:
intelligence, prognosis, Iowa Gambling Task, IGT
Abstract
Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) is frequently used as a convenient model for studying processes of decision making and prognosis. Clinical studies generally provide support for Damasio’s “somatic markers” hypothesis. Many studies stress out the leading role of emotional components of IGT performance regulation in comparison with intellectual components. In our study the verbal, fluid and general intelligence were measured on a sample of adult subjects (n = 116) from the non-clinical group. Using linear regression, we showed that intelligence was a significant predictor of the successful decision making in IGT, in particular in three last blocks. Verbal IQ also became a positive predictor of the preferences of "good" decks (in block 4). However, intelligence did not significantly predict success in the earliest stage of the game, when the game was the most undefined and cognitive markers haven’t been revealed yet. Thus obtained results reflect the dynamics of decision-making components and changing in the intelligence impact in decision-making regulation. Higher intelligence provides more accurate cognitive representations of the task, choices of correct decks and as a result gaining more money in the task. We conclude by noting that the emotional influences and regulation predicted by the somatic marker hypothesis probably have the leading role at the earliest stages of decision making under uncertainty, where prognostic activity is not yet defined through cognitive markers. Uncertainty reduction related to the formation of game strategies through the large number of trials allows cognitive factors of adaptation and orienting in probabilistic environment take the leading role in decision-making regulation in IGT.Downloads
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References
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21. Stepanosova, O. V., & Kornilova, T. V. (2006). Motivacija i intuicija v reguljacii verbal’nyh prognozov pri prinjatii reshenij [Motivation and intuition in verbal predictions regulation in decision making]. Psikhologicheskii Zhurnal, 27(2), 60-68.
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2. Buelow, M. T., & Suhr, J. A. (2009). Construct validity of the Iowa gambling task. Neuropsychology Review, 19(1), 102-114.
3. Chumakova, M. A. (2013). Lichnostnaja reguljacija racional’nogo vybora: razvitie idei edinstva intellekta i affekta [Personal regulation of rational choice: developing the idea of the unity of intellect and affect]. Psikhologicheskii Zhurnal, 34(3), 119-125.
4. Condon, D. M., & Revelle, W. (2014). The International Cognitive Ability Resource: Development and initial validation of a public-domain measure. Intelligence, 43, 52-64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intell.2014.01.004
5. Damasio, A. R., Everitt, B. J., & Bishop, D. (1996). The somatic marker hypothesis and the possible functions of the prefrontal cortex [and discussion]. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 351(1346), 1413-1420. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.1996.0125.
6. Demaree, H. A., Burns, K. J., & DeDonno, M. A. (2010). Intelligence, but not emotional intelligence, predicts Iowa Gambling Task performance. Intelligence, 38(2), 249-254. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intell.2009.12.004
7. Epstein, S., Pacini, R., Denes-Raj, V., & Heier, H. (1996). Individual differences in intuitive-experiential and analytical-rational thinking styles. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 71(2), 390. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.71.2.390
8. Grasman, R., & Wagenmakers, E. (2005). A DHTML implementation of the Iowa Gambling Task. Retrieved from http://purl.oclc.org/NET/rgrasman/jscript/IowaGamblingTask
9. Hastie, R., & Dawes, R. M. (2010). Rational choice in an uncertain world: The psychology of judgment and decision making. USA: Sage.
10. Kahneman, D. (2013). Dumai medlenno… reshai bystro [Thinking, fast and slow]. Moscow: AST. (Transl. of: Kahneman, D.(2011). Thinking, fast and slow. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux).
11. Kornilov, S. A., & Grigorenko, E. L. (2010). Metodicheskij kompleks dlya diagnostiki analiticheskih, tvorcheskih i prakticheskih sposobnostej [The assessment battery for analytical, creative, and practical abilities]. Psihologicheskij Zhurnal, 31(2), 90-103.
12. Kornilov, S. A., Krasnov, E., Kornilova, T. V., & Chumakova, M. A. (2015). Individual differences in performance on Iowa Gambling Task are predicted by tolerance and intolerance for uncertainty. In G. Airenti, B. G. Bara, & G. Sandini (Eds.), Proceedings of the EuroAsianPacific Joint Conference on Cognitive Science (Vol. 1419, pp. 728-731). Torino, Italy. Retrieved from http://ceurws.org/Vol-1419/paper0121.pdf
13. Kornilova, T. V. (2016a). Intellektualno-lichnostnyj potencial cheloveka v usloviyah neopredelennosti i riska[Intellectual and personality potential of a person under the conditions of uncertainty and risk]. Saint Petersburg: Nestor-Istoriya.
14. Kornilova, T. V. (2016b). Psihologija vybora kak myslitel’noe i lichnostnoe oposredstvovanie preodolenija neopredelennosti [Psychology of choice and decision making as cognitive and personality moderated overcoming of uncertainty], Psihologicheskij Zhurnal, 37(3), 113-124.
15. Kornilova, T. V., & Razvaliaeva, A. U. (2017). Aprobatsija russkojazychnogo variant polnogo oprosnika S. Epstaina “Racionalnyi-Opytnyi” (Rational-Experiental Inventory) [The rationality and intuition scales in S. Epstein’s questionnaire REI (Russian approbation of the full version)]. Psikhologicheskii Zhurnal, 38(3), 92-107. https://doi.org/10.7868/S0205959217030084.
16. Kornilova, T. V., & Razvalyaeva, A. U. (2016). Psychological mindedness is related to cognitive strategies of choice and decision making in a prognostic task. In Yu. I. Alexandrov, K. V. Anokhin (Eds.), Sed’maya mezhdunarodnaya konferentsiya po kognitivnoy nauke: Tezisy dokladov [Seventh International Conference on Cognitive Science: Proceedings] (pp. 63-65). Moscow: Institute of Psychology of RAS.
17. Krasavtseva, Y., & Kornilova, T. (2016). Svojstva Temnoj triady v reguljacii strategij prinjatija reshenij (na materiale igrovoj zadachi Ajova - IGT) [The Dark Triad Traits in the regulation of decisionmaking strategies]. Vestnik Moskovskogo Gosudarstvennogo Oblastnogo Universiteta. Serija: Psihologicheskie Nauki, [Bulletin of Moscow Regional State University. Series: Psychology], 2, 22-33. https://doi.org/10.18384/2310-7235-2016-2-22-33
18. Medvedeva, T. I., Enikolopov, S.N., & Enikolopova, E.V. (2013). Gipoteza somaticheskih markerov Damasio i igrovaja zadacha (IGT): obzor [Damasio’s Somatic Markers Hypothesis and Iowa Gambling Task (review)]. PsihologicheskieIssledovaniya, 6(32), 10. Retrieved from http://psystudy.ru/index.php/num/2013v6n32/912-medvedeva32.html
19. Paulhus, D. L., & Williams, K. M. (2002). The dark triad of personality: narcissism, Machiavellianism, and psychopathy. Journal of Research in Personality, 36(6), 556-563. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0092-6566(02)00505-6
20. Smirnov, S. D., Chumakova, M. A., & Kornilova, T. V. (2016). Obraz mira v dinamicheskom kontrole neopredelennosti [The world image in dynamic control of uncertainty]. Voprosy Psikhologii, 4, 3-13.
21. Stepanosova, O. V., & Kornilova, T. V. (2006). Motivacija i intuicija v reguljacii verbal’nyh prognozov pri prinjatii reshenij [Motivation and intuition in verbal predictions regulation in decision making]. Psikhologicheskii Zhurnal, 27(2), 60-68.
22. Webb, C. A., DelDonno, S., & Killgore, W. D. S. (2014). The role of cognitive versus emotional intelligence in Iowa Gambling Task performance: What’s emotion got to do with it? Intelligence, 44,
Published
2018-11-05
How to Cite
КорниловаТ. В., ЧумаковаМ. А., & КорниловС. А. (2018). Intelligence and Successful Prognostic Strategies in Iowa Gambling Task (IGT). Psychology. Journal of the Higher School of Economics, 15(1), 10-21. https://doi.org/10.17323/1813-8918-2018-1-10-21
Issue
Section
The Decision Making Personality
