Структура межъязыковых различий: значение и контекст английского слова readability и его русского эквивалента читабельность
Аннотация
В статье представлены результаты оригинального исследования, направленного на выявление 1) количественной вариативности употребления термина "readability" в американском дискурсе и его русского эквивалента «читабельность» в русском дискурсе за период с 1920-х годов по настоящее время; 2) семантических сходств и различий между английским термином "readability" и его русским эквивалентом «читабельность» за тот же период времени. Контрастивный анализ слов свидетельствует о незначительных различиях в семантических структурах терминов в исследуемый период. Термин "readability" использовался в следующих значениях: 1) «легкость понимания или расшифровки» и 2) «удобочитаемость». Русский эквивалент «читабельность» имеет два современных значения, схожих с вышеупомянутыми значениями английского термина, а также устаревшее «спрос на книгу в библиотеке». С помощью программы Google NgramViewer был определен пик частотности употребления обоих терминов на 1980-е годы, когда сформировалось современное представление об этих понятиях. Исследование тематического контекста читабельности как «удобочитаемости» позволило выявить эмпирические тенденции американских исследований, сосредоточенных на двух типах параметров: «объективных» параметрах текстов, таких как длина предложения, количество слов, количество высоко/низкочастотных слов, отношение высоко/низкочастотных слов к общему количеству слов, сложность предложения и др. , и «индивидуальных» переменных, влияющих на потенциального читателя, таких как «знание слов», когнитивные и лингвистические способности, знание культуры и темы и др. Российская школа до 1970-х годов традиционно демонстрировала единство взглядов и «предвзятость» в отношении индивидуальных факторов. Результаты исследования могут внести вклад в межъязыковые исследования в области оценки читабельности текста, семантики и поиска научной литературы.
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